中英082局限于胼胝体的中枢神经系统的

SECTION1第一部分

A71-year-oldwomanwithhypertension,diabetes,andrecentstrokepresentedwithacutelefthemiparesis,whichstarted3.5hoursearlierbutimprovedbythetimeofemergencydepartmentevaluation.Examinationshowedmildleft-sidedpronatordriftandsensoryextinction.Herhistorywassignificantforresectionofarightfrontoparietalmeningiomaforwhichshehadreceivedadjuvantradiationtherapy3yearspreviously.

患者71岁女性,因“突发左偏瘫3.5小时”就诊。患者于3.5小时前突发左侧偏瘫就诊于急诊室,但在急诊室进行相关检查时症状缓解。查体:轻瘫试验可见左上肢轻度旋后及感觉消失。既往高血压、糖尿病及近期卒中病史,3年前行右前额叶脑膜瘤切除术并联合辅助放射治疗。

Questionforconsideration:

1.Howwouldyouevaluatethispatient?

问题思考:

1.你准备进行哪些检查?

SECTION2第二部分

Giventhepatient’svascularriskfactorsandrecentstroke,acuteischemicstrokewasconsideredhighintheinitialdifferentialdiagnosis.ThepatientwasrapidlyevaluatedwithanoncontrastheadCT,whichshowedpostoperativechangesfromarightfrontoparietalcraniotomyandanareaofencephalomalaciaintherightfrontoparietalregion(figure1A)butnoacuteischemicchanges.CTangiogramofheadandneckdemonstrated20%stenosisoftherightcarotidbulb.

鉴于患者的血管危险因素和近期卒中史,鉴别诊断中首先考虑急性缺血性脑卒中。患者很快地进行了非增强头颅CT平扫,结果显示右前额叶开颅术后改变并可见脑积液样低信号区(图1A),但未见急性缺血性病灶。头颈部CTA显示右颈总动脉狭窄20%。

图1初次头颅MRI检查结果

(A)非增强头颅CT平扫显示右前额叶有一软化灶(箭头)。(B)T1增强序列矢状面显示胼胝体体部有一强化病灶(箭头),前额叶矢状窦旁残留脑膜瘤(箭头)。(C)增强扫描横断面显示胼胝体体部有一不均匀强化病灶(箭头)。(D)弥散加权成像显示胼胝体有一斑片状高信号病灶(箭头)。

Thrombolyticswerenotadministeredasthepatient’smotordeficitshadrapidlyimprovedandhersensoryextinctioncouldbeexplainedbytherightfrontoparietalencephalomalacia.ShefitcriteriaforTIAandwasadmittedforfurtherevaluation.HerHBA1Cwas7.7,totalcholesterol,low-densitylipoprotein95,high-densitylipoprotein80,andtriglycerides60.Transesophagealechocardiographyshowedasmall,mobile,linearechodensityontheventralaspectofaorticvalveconsistentwithaLamblexcrescence.BrainMRIshowedfluid-attenuatedinversionrecoveryhyperintensityinthebodyofcorpuscallosum,extendingtobothhemispheres,withpatchydiffusion-weightedimaging(DWI)andapparentdiffusioncoefficientpositivityandgadoliniumenhancement.Asmallerlesionwaspresentposteriortothemainlesionontheright(figure1,B–D).Inaddition,anenhancinglesionwasseenabuttingthesuperiorsagittalsinus,consistentwithresidualmeningioma(figure1B).Previoushealthrecordswereobtainedtoclarifythepathologyofthepreviouslyresectedlesionandthedoseofradiation.Thepatienthadundergonegrosstotalresectionofadural-basedparafalcineWHOgradeImeningioma.Aportionofthetumorthatwasattachedtothesuperiorsagittalsinuswasnotremoved,duetoconcernforinjurytothesinus.Theresectedspecimencontainedanareaofmetastaticneuroendocrinecarcinomawithhighlyatypical,synaptophysin-positive,nonmeningothelialcells.Afterastagingworkupdidnotrevealaprimary,thissecondtumorwasthoughttobemalignanttransformationofthemeningioma.Thewomanwastreatedwith6,cGyofpartialbrainradiationin30fractions,afterwhichshedevelopedmildcognitivedysfunction.

由于患者的运动症状迅速改善,而感觉消失可以用前额叶的软化灶来解释,因此并没有给予溶栓治疗。患者符合TIA的诊断标准,因此收入住院进一步检查。其HBA1C为7.7,总胆固醇为mg/dl,低密度脂蛋白为95mg/dl,高密度脂蛋白为80mg/dl和甘油三酯为60mg/dl。经食管超声心动图显示主动脉瓣腹侧可见细小、活动的丝样高回声,考虑为纤维样赘生物。头颅MRI显示胼胝体体部FLAIR像高信号病灶,并向两侧半球延伸,在DWI像和ADC序列上呈弥散受限及增强扫描显示明显强化。在该病灶的右后方还可见一小的病灶(图1,B-D)。另外,在上矢状窦旁可见一增强病灶,考虑为残留的脑膜瘤(图1B)。我们查阅了患者的既往病历以明确先前切除病灶的病理诊断和放射剂量。患者既往病灶为WHOI级镰旁脑膜瘤,进行了肿瘤全切术。但由于担心损伤上矢状窦,附着于上矢状窦的部分肿瘤未被切除。肿瘤切片病理检查可见转移性神经内分泌癌组织,免疫组化显示有高度非典型性、突触素阳性的非脑膜上皮细胞。分期治疗后未发现原发灶,第二个肿瘤考虑为脑膜瘤的恶性转化。该患者做了局部大脑放射治疗30次,共6,cGy,但治疗后出现轻度认知功能障碍。

Questionforconsideration:

1.Whatisthedifferentialdiagnosisofthecorpuscallosumlesionseeninthispatient?

问题思考:

1.该患者胼胝体病变的鉴别诊断有哪些?

SECTION3第三部分

Corpuscallosumlesionshaveabroaddifferentialdiagnosis,withthegreatestconcernforaneoplasminanelderlypatient.Themost







































北京中科医院骗人
北京中科白癜风医院助力白斑圆梦征程



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